1	1880’s to 1910 From American Reading Instruction by Nila Banton Smith, pages 108-147
2	Cultural Influences Changed Reading Instruction Schools should not only teach reading, but cultivate in the child a taste for good literature
3	Herbarts Herbartian principles popular in Germany One goal was to develop character through the use of literary and historical stories In Flint, Michigan—”The purpose of the courses in reading is threefold: first, to teach children to read; second, to cause children to like to read; third, to enable them to know and prefer good literature.”
4	Professional Books in Reading First came on the scene 1888: Scudders Literature in the Schools Edmund Blake Huey: The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading First “scientific” contribution to reading instruction and focused on “the hygiene of reading, the history of reading, and the psychology of reading 1889: Reading: How to Teach It by Sarah Louise Arnold Emphasis is on the development of an appreciation for good literature
5	"George Mirick of the New..." George Mirick of the New Jersey Department of Public Instruction published The Teaching of Reading in 1914. Included discussions on phonetics, voice training, and the use of the blackboard Advocated for lots of silent reading
6	Supplemental Materials First time reading materials other than those included in basic reader became popular practice Reading in upper grades to the form of classical literature Fairy tales popular for younger grades (like “The Three Bears”)
7	Scientific Alphabet Approach Reduced number of characters needed in representing sounds by respelling words and omitting silent letters. Shearer System did something similar Wuns, Ri Van Win-kl went up A-mung the hilz, hwar hi sa Cwir lit-l men ple-ing bel
8	"“A" “A child may be taught the art of reading, not fluently, but well both in phonetic and in ordinary books, in three months—aye, often in twenty hours of thorough instruction, a task which is rarely accomplished in three years of toll by the old alphabet.”
9	General Features of New Methods Used sentences and story More elaborate phonetic methods that stressed teaching letters and combinations of letters Stories with animals or other creatures making sounds and children would draw letters on blackboard and make sounds (P and make a puff sound when drawing the curve of the letter)(part of the idea was to make the work interesting for children) Appreciation of literature, usually for older children, and involved defining and dissecting literature and began to move away from the elocutionary approach
10	Basal Readers Changed Elocution lessons began to disappear Moralist and information selections diminished Mother Goose and folktales used for the first time Cloth covers replaced cardboard covers
11	Beginnings of Reading Research Mainly psychological and physiological in nature Called attention to rate in reading, distinctions between silent and oral reading, and individual differences in reading. Key figures included I.O. Quantz Walter F. Dearborn Edmond B. Huey R.S. Woodworth E.B. Holt